They lost a great deal of weight and developed a wasted appearance. Before the development of effective antibiotics, many patients became chronically ill with increasingly severe lung symptoms.
#Consumption skin#
Infection in these areas can break through the skin and discharge pus. The TB bacilli may travel from the lungs to lymph nodes in the sides and back of the neck. If a young adult develops a pleural effusion, the chance of tubercular infection being the cause is very high. If the infection allows air to escape from the lungs into the chest cavity ( pneumothorax) or if fluid collects in the pleural space ( pleural effusion), the patient may have difficulty breathing. The patient often loses interest in food and may lose weight. They may wake up in the night drenched with cold sweat when the fever breaks. Persons with pulmonary TB do not run a high fever, but they often have a low-grade one.
In time, more sputum is produced that is streaked with blood. A small amount of greenish or yellow sputum may be coughed up when the person gets up in the morning. An infected person may at first feel vaguely unwell or develop a cough blamed on smoking or a cold. Its initial symptoms are easily confused with those of other diseases. Pulmonary tuberculosis is TB that affects the lungs. On rare occasions a previously infected person gets sick again after a later exposure to the tubercle bacillus. This form of the disease is called reactivation TB, or post-primary disease. Another 5% heal initially but, after years or decades, develop active tuberculosis either in the lungs or elsewhere in the body. An estimated 5% of infected persons get sick within 12-24 months of being infected. Whether or not a particular infected person will become ill is impossible to predict with certainty. In the United States this group numbers 10-15 million persons. It is thought that more than 90% of cases of active tuberculosis come from this pool. They are not contagious however, they do form a pool of infected patients who may get sick at a later date and then pass on TB to others. tuberculosis do not develop symptoms or physical evidence of active disease, and their x-rays remain negative. At least nine of ten patients who harbor M. Infection does not always mean disease in fact, it usually does not. The fetus of an infected mother may contract TB by inhaling or swallowing the bacilli in the amniotic fluid. The most important exception is pregnancy. Unlike many other infections, TB is not passed on by contact with a patient's clothing, bed linens, or dishes and cooking utensils. Of course, if a severely infected patient emits huge numbers of bacilli, the chance of transmitting infection is much greater. As a rule, close, frequent, or prolonged contact is needed to spread the disease. Only about one in three close contacts of a TB patient, and fewer than 15% of more remote contacts, are likely to become infected. Tuberculosis is not, however, highly contagious compared to some other infectious diseases. This mist, or aerosol as it is often called, can be taken into the nasal passages and lungs of a susceptible person nearby. This type of transmission means that when a TB patient exhales, coughs, or sneezes, tiny droplets of fluid containing tubercle bacilli are released into the air. Tuberculosis spreads by droplet infection. There still are an estimated 8-10 million new cases of TB each year worldwide, causing roughly 3 million deaths. AIDS patients are much more likely to develop tuberculosis because of their weakened immune systems. An additional factor is the AIDS epidemic. Infected visitors and immigrants to the United Stateshave also contributed to the resurgence of TB. This upsurge was in part again a result of overcrowding and unsanitary conditions in the poor areas of large cities, prisons, and homeless shelters. Although other more effective anti-tuberculosis drugs were developed in the following decades, the number of cases of TB in the United States began to rise again in the mid-1980s. tuberculosis, was discovered in the early 1940s, the infection began to come under control. When streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against M. The disease became widespread somewhat later in the United States, because the movement of the population to large cities made overcrowded housing so common. Tuberculosis spread much more widely in Europe when the industrial revolution began in the late nineteenth century.
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